朱熹象數易學思想中的陰陽觀念研究

朱熹象數易學思想中的陰陽觀念研究

須宇寧

（蘇州大學 哲學系，江蘇 蘇州 215031）

摘 要：朱熹說「易只是一陰一陽」，又說「易只消道陰陽二字括盡。」「陰陽」在朱熹的易學體系中，是串聯起形上與形下、象數與義理、先天與後天的重要線索。《易》中陰陽之爻、剛柔之性、奇偶之位，無不以陰陽為根據。在朱熹的象數易學中，沿用理氣二分的原則，將陰陽細分為陰陽之理與陰陽之氣。陰陽之理即太極本體，為陰陽之氣運動變化之所以然的緣由，即本體論上的保障。朱熹強調即數而明理，即聖人畫卦和占蓍，實則都是陰陽之理在氣中的自然呈現，不摻雜任何人為造作。就陰陽之氣的運動方式，朱熹概括為「交易」和「變易」，他以此解釋了筮法和先後天圖中是如何以一陰一陽為起點，演化為八卦，六十四卦，以及實現「分二、卦一、揲四」的具體展開。

關鍵詞：朱熹；易學；陰陽觀；河圖洛書；占蓍法

Studies on the Yin-Yang Conception in Zhu Xi’s Image-Number Yi Learning

XU Yuning

(Department of Philosophy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215031, Jiangsu, China)

Abstract: Zhu Xi stated, “The Changes is merely Yin and Yang,” and also noted, “The Changes can be fully encompassed by the two characters Yin and Yang.” In Zhu Xi’s system of Yi learning, “Yin and Yang” serves as a crucial thread connecting the transcendent and immanent, image-number and meaning-principle, as well as the innate and acquired. In The Changes, the Yin-Yang lines, the nature of hardness and softness, and the odd-even positions all take Yin and Yang as their foundation. Following the principle of the dichotomy of Li (principle) and Qi (vital energy)in his image-number Yi learning, Zhu Xi subdivided Yin and Yang into the “Li of Yin-Yang” and the “Qi of Yin- Yang.” The Li of Yin-Yang is identical to the Taiji as the noumenon, acting as the ontological guarantee and the underlying reason for the movement and transformation of the Qi of Yin-Yang. Zhu Xi emphasized “comprehending Li through numbers,” arguing that the sages’ drawing of trigrams and divination with milfoil are essentially the natural manifestation of the Li of Yin-Yang in Qi, free from any human contrivance. Regarding the movement of the Qi of Yin-Yang, Zhu Xi summarized it as “Jiaoyi (interchange)” and “Bianyi (change),” with which he explained how the Eight Trigrams and Sixty-Four Trigrams evolve from Yin and Yang in the divination method and the innate/acquired diagrams, as well as the specific implementation of the divination steps: “dividing into two, drawing one, and counting by fours.” 

Key words: Zhu Xi; Yi Learning; Yin-Yang Conception; Hetu and Luoshu; Milfoil Divination

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