明理與進德——熊十力體認易道的雙重向度

明理與進德——熊十力體認易道的雙重向度

陳浩然

（山東大學 易學與中國古代哲學研究中心，山東 濟南 250100）

摘 要：熊十力以《易》為宗，在「體用不二」的本體論基礎上，以「明理」與「進德」為雙重向度體認易道。「明理」指向格物致知，即通過窮究事物之理以通達萬物一體之本體，其說本於《易》「窮理盡性以至於命」；「進德」指向心性涵養，即返歸本心、推擴良知以成己成物，其說合於《易》「繼之者善，成之者性」。二向度統一於「生生」之易的動態過程，體現為「天人不二」「心物不二」的體用一貫。熊十力以此既批判佛老之「空」「無」疏離現實，亦糾正陽明後學「偏本忽用」之弊，為現代新儒家「內聖開出新外王」提供了理論前提。

關鍵詞：明理；進德；格物致知；體用不二；內聖外王

Understanding Principles and Cultivating Virtue ——Xiong Shili’s Dual Approach to Comprehending the Dao of Change

CHEN Haoran

(Center for Yi Studies and Ancient Chinese Philosophy, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China)

Abstract: Xiong Shili took the I Ching as his foundation and, based on the ontology of ‘the unity of substance and function,’ approached the Dao of the I Ching through the dual dimensions of ‘understanding principle’ and ‘cultivating virtue.’ ‘Understanding principle’ refers to investigating things to extend knowledge, which means probing the principles of things to grasp the unity of all being. This idea is based on the I Ching saying, ‘Exhaust the principle and reach your nature to achieve destiny.’ ‘Cultivating virtue’ refers to nurturing the mind and nature, returning to one’s original heart, and expanding innate knowledge to perfect oneself and all things, consistent with the I Ching saying, ‘Those who continue are good, those who complete follow their nature.’ These two dimensions are united in the dynamic process of ‘continuous creation’ in the I Ching and manifest as the consistent unity of body and function in both ‘heaven and humanity’ and ‘mind and things.’ Xiong Shili used this approach both to criticize the Buddhist and Daoist notions of ‘emptiness’ and ‘nothingness’ for being detached from reality, and to correct the later Wang Yangming followers’ flaw of ‘overemphasizing principle while neglecting application,’ providing a theoretical premise for modern New Confucians to ‘develop inner sagehood to achieve new outer governance.’ 

Key words: understanding principles; cultivating virtue; investigating things to extend knowledge; unity of substance and function; inner sage and outer king

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