《易傳》中的天文曆法思想

《易傳》中的天文曆法思想

李雪昊

（雲南中華周易研究會，雲南昆明 650000）

摘 要：《易經》與古天文曆法同源共生，均源於先民觀天授時的經驗總結。《易傳》作為解經之作，進一步闡發其中的天文曆法思想：一是基於太極八卦、涵攝時間與方位的宇宙觀，兼容蓋天說與渾天說；二是「天人合一」「繼天立極」的天人哲學，以天德與仁義之心相感為核心，主張順天道、立人極、成己成物；三是以觀象授時、二十四節氣及「卦氣」說為基礎的治曆明時思想；四是天地之數、大衍之數、乾坤之策數與《三統曆》《乾象曆》《大衍曆》等系統曆法的融通互釋。研究表明，《易傳》中的天文曆法思想並非空洞玄虛，而是可與時偕行、指導生產生活的實用之學，其易、曆融通互釋部分尤具縱深探討的價值。

關鍵詞：易傳；宇宙觀；天人關係；易數與曆法；觀時知變

Astronomical and Calendrical Thought in the Yizhuan (Ten Wings)

LI Xuehao

(Yunnan Society for the Study of the Chinese Zhouyi, Kunming 650000, Yunnan, China)

Abstract: The Yijing (Book of Changes) and ancient astronomy-calendrics share a common origin, both arising from early people’s experience of observing the heavens to determine the seasons. As a commentarial work, the Yizhuan (Ten Wings) further develops the astronomical and calendrical thought embedded in the classic in four respects: first, a cosmology grounded in the Taiji and Eight Trigrams that integrates conceptions of time and orientation and accommodates both the Gaitian (canopy-heaven) and Huntian (spherical-heaven) theories; second, a philosophy of the relation between Heaven and humanity—“unity of Heaven and humanity” and “continuing Heaven to establish the human pole”—centered on the resonance between the virtue of Heaven and the human mind of benevolence and righteousness; third, a body of calendar-making thought based on observing celestial phenomena to fix the seasons, the twenty-four solar terms, and the “hexagram-qi” (guaqi) theory; and fourth, the mutual interpretation between numerical schemes—the numbers of Heaven and Earth, the Great Expansion (dayan) number, and the tallies of Qian and Kun—and systematic calendars such as the Santong, Qianxiang, and Dayan calendars. The study shows that such thought is not empty metaphysical speculation but a practical learning that keeps pace with the times and guides daily life and production; its portions concerning the mutual interpretation of Yi and calendar are especially worthy of in- depth study. 

Key words: Yizhuan; cosmology; relation between Heaven and humanity; numbers of the Yi and the calendar;observing the times to know change

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