人身損益之道與順逆之理

人身損益之道與順逆之理

田明敏

（江西中醫藥大學 中醫學院，江西 南昌 330031）

摘 要：鞠曦通過對孔子易學的深入研究，指出「六爻成效」是易經詮釋學的重要理論之一，並以此為基礎，提出「六爻成腹」以揭示人身損益之道。「六爻成腹」以「震」、「巽」、「離」、「兌」、「坎」、「艮」與肺、心、脾、肝、腎、大腸對應關係的變化，揭示人身順逆之理。人的存在之理「肺震足行津成汗，心巽知物化為生。脾離顯明類有別，肝悅氣血兌以能。腎勞心險耳必聰，大腸成止手成恒」，與傳統中醫學對於人體臟腑生理、病理的認知相符。人之逆存在「肺艮足止津成汗，心勞知物化為生。脾離顯明類有別，肝悅氣血兌以能。腎巽心險耳必聰，大腸成震手成止」與道教典籍所載後天返先天的自主性操作可相佐證。「六爻成腹」作為鞠曦易醫學的核心思想，既體現了中國生命科學的形而上性，又彰顯出易學至簡至易的特色。鞠曦易醫學思想的挖掘，對探尋高質量的生命存在狀態，承續中國生命科學的優秀內核，具有重要的價值和意義。

關鍵詞：易經；六爻成效；六爻成腹；人身損益；鞠曦

The Way of Decrease and Increase in the Human Body and the Principle of Following and Reversing ——An Interpretation of Ju Xi’s Theory of “The Six Lines Form the Abdomen

TIAN Mingmin

(College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China)

Abstract: Through his in-depth study of Confucius’s scholarship on the Yi, Ju Xi argues that “the efficacy accomplished through the six lines” (liu yao cheng xiao, 六爻成效) constitutes one of the important hermeneutical principles for interpreting the Yijing. On this basis, he further proposes the theory that “the six lines form the abdomen” (liu yao cheng fu, 六爻成腹), through which he seeks to disclose the way of decrease and increase (sun-yi, 損益) in the human body. The theory of “the six lines form the abdomen” reveals the principle of following and reversing (shun-ni, 順逆) in human existence through transformations in the correspondences between the six trigrams—Zhen (震), Xun (巽), Li (離), Dui (兌), Kan (坎), and Gen (艮)—and the lung, heart, spleen, liver, kidney, and large intestine, respectively.The principle governing ordinary human existence is expressed as follows: “With the lung corresponding to Zhen, the feet move and the body fluids issue forth as sweat; with the heart corresponding to Xun, things are known and transformation brings forth life. The spleen corresponds to Li, manifesting illumination and differentiating things according to their kinds; the liver rejoices, while qi and blood function through Dui. Thekidney labors, the heart encounters danger, and the ears thereby attain acuity; the large intestine brings things to completion and cessation, while the hands attain constancy.” This account is consistent with the understanding of the physiology and pathology of the zang-fu organs in traditional Chinese medicine.The reverse mode of human existence is expressed as follows: “With the lung corresponding to Gen, the feet cease and the body fluids issue forth as sweat; the heart labors, knowing things and transforming them into life. The spleen corresponds to Li, manifesting illumination and differentiating things according to their kinds; the liver rejoices, while qi and blood function through Dui. The kidney corresponds to Xun, the heart encounters danger, and the ears thereby attain acuity; the large intestine becomes Zhen, while the hands come to rest.” This mode of existence can be corroborated by the voluntary practices described in Daoist texts for “returning from the acquired to the innate” (houtian fan xiantian, 後天返先天).As a core component of Ju Xi’s Yi-based medical thought, the theory of “the six lines form the abdomen” not only embodies the metaphysical dimension of Chinese life science but also exemplifies the distinctive simplicity and accessibility of Yi learning. A systematic exploration of Ju Xi’s Yi-medical thought is therefore of considerable value and significance for investigating higher-quality modes of human existence and for carrying forward the essential insights of the Chinese sciences of life. 

Keywords: Yijing; efficacy accomplished through the six lines; the six lines form the abdomen; decrease and increase in the human body; Ju Xi

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