教育强国建设下应用型本科复合式育人体系：理论机理、现实困境与协同治理路径

教育强国建设下应用型本科复合式育人体系：理论机理、现实困境与协同治理路径

何咏思¹ 向星²  简钰清²^,* 

（1. 深圳职业技术大学经济学院，广东 深圳，518055；2. 华南农业大学公共管理学院，广东 广州，510642）

摘 要：复合型人才供给是支撑新质生产力培育、破解就业结构性矛盾的关键。当前本科教育规模扩张与岗位胜任力要求错位的矛盾日益凸显，“本升专”“反向技能升学”等现象折射出应用型本科人才培养体系的供给侧短板。本文跳出“学术/职业”二元对立的传统思维，依托高等教育分类治理理论、能力本位教育框架与产教融合协同理论，系统阐释应用型本科高校推进复合式培养的内在理论逻辑，结合全国多所行业特色应用型本科高校的调研数据，从培养范式、评价体系、治理机制三大维度剖析当前人才培养领域的现实困境。研究发现，应用型本科高校转型过程中普遍存在“普教逻辑”路径依赖，知识与能力脱嵌、学历与证书断裂问题未得到根本性破解。基于此，本文以体系化制度创新为核心，从分类定位治理框架搭建、“学习成果—能力框架—行业标准”三位一体认证体系构建、“课程—实践—研究”一体化教学重构、长周期岗位实践制度化落地、协同治理生态培育五大维度，提出复合式人才培养体系的系统性重构路径，为应用型本科高校锚定差异化发展赛道、提升区域产业服务能力、支撑教育强国建设提供理论参考与实践方案。

关键词：教育强国；应用型本科高校；复合式培养；人才培养体系；高等教育分类治理；产教融合

Applied Undergraduate Compound Training System from the Perspective of Talent Supply for New-Quality Productivity in the 15th Five‑Year Plan:Theoretical Logic, Practical Dilemmas and Institutional Reconstruction

Yongsi He¹  Xing Xiang²  Yuqing Jian²*

(1. School of Economics, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen Guangdong, 518055; 2. School of Public Administration, South China Agricultural University, 510642)

Abstract: The supply of interdisciplinary talents is key to fostering new ‑ quality productive forces and resolving structural contradictions in employment. At present, the mismatch between the expansion of undergraduate education scale and job competency requirements has become increasingly prominent. Phenomena such as "undergraduates pursuing vocational college education" and "reverse skill-oriented further education" reflect supply-side shortcomings in the talent training system of application-oriented universities. Breaking away from the traditional binary opposition between "academic and vocational" education, this paper draws on the theories of classified governance of higher education, competency-based education framework and industry-education integration synergy theory to systematically interpret the internal theoretical logic of implementing interdisciplinary training in application-oriented universities. Based on survey data from multiple industry-featured application-oriented universities across China, this paper analyzes practical dilemmas in talent training from three dimensions: training paradigm, evaluation system and governance mechanism. The study finds that application-oriented universities generally suffer from path dependence on "general education logic" during transformation, and fundamental solutions are yet to be achieved for the disconnection between knowledge and competence as well as the separation between academic degrees and vocational certificates. Accordingly, focusing on systematic institutional innovation, this paper proposes a systematic reconstruction path for the interdisciplinary talent training system from five dimensions:establishing a classified positioning and governance framework, constructing a trinity certification system of "learning outcomes-competency framework-industry standards", reconstructing integrated teaching of "curriculum-practice-research", institutionalizing long-term on-the-job practice, and fostering a collaborative governance ecosystem. It provides theoretical references and practical solutions for application‑ oriented universities to identify differentiated development paths, improve service capacity for regional industries, and support the building of apowerful country in education. 

Keywords: a powerful country in education; application-oriented universities; interdisciplinary training; talent training system; classified governance of higher education; industry-education integration

DOI：10.68079/moglkx.2026.3.10   [原文下載][Download PDF]