以善統卜：清代劉沅的易學重構及其工夫進路

以善統卜：清代劉沅的易學重構及其工夫進路

于宏偉

（四川大學 哲學系，四川 成都 610065）

摘 要：清代巴蜀學者劉沅在《周易恆解》中，針對朱子「易本卜筮之書」論斷所引發的詮釋風險，即工具性「卜筮」壓倒道德主體性「窮理」的風險，建構了「以善統卜」的獨特解釋路徑。劉沅通過重構「太極本體」以貫通天人，並將「卜筮」嚴格地限定在「窮理盡性」的道德前提之下，使之僅在陷入「道德兩可」的困境下，才能在真正意義上發揮決策作用。這一理論將《周易》從一個潛在的卜筮工具，徹底轉化為一套在「日用倫常」中「順性命之理」的道德實踐體系。此路徑不僅回應了宋明易學的內在困境，也彰顯了清代儒學經世致用的實踐品格。

關鍵詞：劉沅；巴蜀易學；道德實踐；以善統卜；易教觀

From “Divination as the Basis of Instruction” to “Goodness as the Governing Principle of Divination”: Liu Yuan’s Reconstruction of Yijing Studies in the Qing Dynasty and His Approach to Self-Cultivation

YU Hongwei

(Department of Philosophy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China)

Abstract: Liu Yuan, a Qing-dynasty scholar from the Bashu region, in his Zhou Yi Heng Jie, addresses the interpretive risk inherent in Zhu Xi’s assertion that “the Yijing is originally a book of divination”—namely, the risk that instrumental divination overrides the moral subjectivity of “exhausting principle” (窮理). To counter this, Liu constructs a distinctive hermeneutic approach in which goodness serves as the governing principle of divination. By reconstructing the Taiji as an ontological foundation that unifies Heaven and humanity, Liu strictly confines divination within the moral presupposition of “exhausting principle and fully realizing one’s nature” (窮理盡性), allowing it to function decisively only when one is caught in a genuine moral dilemma. This theoretical move transforms the Yijing from a merely potential divinatory tool into a comprehensive system of moral practice that “follows the principles of nature and destiny” (順性命之理) within everyday human relations. This approach not only responds to the internal predicaments of Song-Ming Yijing scholarship but also manifests the pragmatic, statecraft-oriented character of Qing-dynasty Confucianism. 

Key words: Liu Yuan; Bashu Yijing studies; moral practice; goodness as the governing principle of divination; the view of the Yijing as moral instruction

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