王安石釋《坤》之「嫌」——兼論君臣之禮

王安石釋《坤》之「嫌」——兼論君臣之禮

陳思宇

（陳思宇 南開大學哲學院 郵編：300350）

摘 要：王安石引《春秋》「不以嫌代嫌」釋《坤·文言》「為其嫌於無陽也，故稱龍焉」，構建了獨特的「以《春秋》釋《易》」的解經方式。不同於魏晉漢唐注疏將「嫌」侷限於靜態體用辨類，此釋將「嫌」提升為表達名分淆亂與認知兩可的政治哲學範疇。將《春秋》「別嫌疑、正名分」尊為破解群經之首《周易》名分疑難的根本法則，從內部邏輯徹底瓦解了後世誣指王安石視《春秋》為「斷爛朝報」的陳見。在此基礎上，「別嫌疑」進一步外化為其禮學思想與制度實踐，實現了由宇宙本體論向政治名分論、進而向制度儒學的範式跨越，展現了宋代新學「通經致用」的完整邏輯。

關鍵詞：王安石；《周易》；《春秋》；嫌；君臣之禮；斷爛朝報

Wang Anshi’s Interpretation of “Xian” in the “Kun” Hexagram: On the Rites of Sovereign and Subject

CHEN Siyu

Chen Siyu, School of Philosophy, Nankai University; Postal Code: 300350

Abstract: By citing the Spring and Autumn Annals (Chunqiu) maxim "do not substitute one Xian for another" to gloss the passage in the "Wenyan" (Words of the Text) commentary on the Kun hexagram—"Because it is Xian of having no yang, it is therefore designated as a 'dragon'"—Wang Anshi constructed a unique hermeneutical paradigm of "interpreting the Changes through the Spring and Autumn Annals." Departing from the Han, Tang, and Wei-Jin commentaries that confined Xian to a static taxonomy of substance and function (ti-yong), this interpretation elevated Xian into a political-philosophical category denoting the conflation of names and status (mingfen) as well as epistemic ambiguity. By establishing the Chunqiu principle of "differentiating ambiguities and rectifying names and status" (bie xianyi, zheng mingfen) as the fundamental methodology for resolving dilemmas of political hierarchy in the Zhouyi—the foremost of the Classics—this approach dismantled, through internal doctrinal logic, the entrenched calumny fabricated by later generations that Wang dismissed the Spring and Autumn Annals as "tattered court bulletins." Building upon this foundation, "differentiating ambiguities" was further externalized into his ritual thought and institutional practice, realizing a paradigmatic leap from cosmological ontology to the political doctrine of mingfen, and ultimately to institutional Confucianism. This trajectory fully demonstrated the coherent logic of "applying classical learning to practical statecraft" (tongjing zhiyong) within the Song-dynasty New Learning (Xinxue). 

Key words: Wang Anshi; Yijing (Book of Changes); Chunqiu (Spring and Autumn Annals); Ambiguity (Xian);Rites of Sovereign and Subject; Duanlanchaobao

[原文下載][Download PDF]